OSA is particularly common in people with type 2 diabetes, affecting at least a quarter of patients, and is associated with a higher risk of developing microvascular complications such as retinopathy. Although obesity itself is associated with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and dysglycaemia, emerging evidence shows that those with sleep apnoea are more likely to have all of these abnormalities at any given weight, and subsequently have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. OSA causes symptoms of daytime sleepiness which can be disabling for patients, and this is currently the main criterion used to determine if treatment should be offered. It may affect between 6 and 17% of all adults, but the risk rises with increasing body weight and it is very common in people with obesity. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition that forms part of the spectrum of sleep disordered breathing (SDB).
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